ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo y estimar el riesgo cardiovascular global en trabajadores de la Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal para identificación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular según el ATPIII. Realizado mediante entrevista médica, antropometría, evaluación de presión arterial, determinación de glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol HDL y triglicéridos séricos en trabajadores de ambos géneros seleccionados aleatoriamente; con firma previa del consentimiento informado. Resultados: Se evaluó a 124 trabajadores administrativos y docentes con edades entre 20 y 68 años (47 ± 9.2), de los cuales 77 (62 %) correspondieron a mujeres. Las frecuencias halladas fueron: sedentarismo (79.31 %), sobrepeso (66.1 %), hipertensión arterial (16.9 %), prehipertensión (46 %), alteración de la glucosa en ayunas (4.9%), colesterol HDL inferior a 40 mg/dL (13.7 %), colesterol total superior a 200 mg/dL (42.7 %), triglicéridos mayores de 150 mg/dL (15.3 %), tabaquismo (28.2 %) y consumo de alcohol (71.0 %). Según el ATPIII, 4.8 % de la población se encontró en alto riesgo cardiovascular y 0.8 % en muy alto riesgo. El porcentaje de hombres con alto riesgo cardiovascular fue mayor que el de mujeres: 10.6 y 2.6 %, respectivamente. La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue de 23.39 % (hombres 13.71 % y mujeres 9.68 %). Conclusiones: El sedentarismo, la presión arterial elevada, la hipercolesterolemia y el consumo de alcohol son los principales factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población de trabajadores de la institución.
Abstract Objective: To determine the prevalence of risk factors and estimate the global cardiovascular risk in workers at the Universidad Libre, Sectional Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study to identify cardiovascular risk factors according to the ATPIII. The study was done through medical interviews, anthropometric blood pressure assessment, and determination of glucose levels, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides in serum of workers, both female and male, that were selected randomly; who had previously signed the informed consent. Results: 124 administrative workers and teachers between the ages of 20 and 68 (47± 9.2) years were evaluated, of which 77 (62%) were women. The frequencies found were: sedentary lifestyle (79.31%), overweight (66.1), hypertension (16.9%), prehypertension (46%), impaired fasting glucose levels (4.9%), HDL cholesterol levels under 40mg/dl (13.7%), total cholesterol above 200mg/dl (42.7%), triglycerides levels over 150mg/dl (15.3%), smoking (28.2%), and alcohol consumption (71.0%). According to the ATPIII, 4.8% of the population has a high cardiovascular risk and 0.8% is at very high risk. The percentage of men who had high cardiovascular risk was higher than women´s: 10.6 and 2.6%, respectively. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was of 23.39% (male 13.71% and women 9.68%). Conclusions: A sedentary lifestyle, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and alcohol consumption are the main cardiovascular risk factors in the population of workers at the institution.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP C/T-13910) located upstream of the lactase gene is used to determine adult-type hypolactasia/lactase persistence in North-European Caucasian subjects. The applicability of this polymorphism has been studied by comparing it with the standard diagnostic methods in different populations. OBJECTIVE: To compare the lactose hydrogen breath test with the genetic test in a sample of the Colombian Caribbean population. METHODS: Lactose hydrogen breath test and genotyping of SNP C/T-13910 were applied to 128 healthy individuals (mean age 35 ± 1). A positive lactose hydrogen breath test was indicative of hypolactasia. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. The kappa index was used to establish agreement between the two methods. RESULTS: Seventy-six subjects (59%) were lactose-maldigesters (hypolactasia) and 52 subjects (41%) were lactose-digesters (lactase persistence). The frequencies of the CC, CT and TT genotypes were 80%, 20% and 0%, respectively. Genotyping had 97% sensitivity and 46% specificity. The kappa index = 0.473 indicates moderate agreement between the genotyping of SNP C/T-13910 and the lactose hydrogen breath test. CONCLUSION: The moderate agreement indicates that the genotyping of the SNP C/T-13910 is not applicable to determine adult-type hypolactasia/lactase persistence in the population participating in this study.
CONTEXTO: A genotipagem do SNP C/T-13910 localizado corrente acima do gene da lactase é usada para determinar hipolactasia e persistência da lactase tipo adulto em indivíduos caucasianos do Norte da Europa. A aplicabilidade deste polimorfismo tem sido estudada em comparação com métodos padronizados de diagnóstico em diferentes populações. OBJETIVO: Comparar o teste de hidrogênio expirado após a ingestão de lactose com o teste genético em uma mostra da população do Caribe Colombiano. MÉTODOS: O teste de hidrogênio expirado após a ingestão de lactose e a genotipagem do SNP C/T-13910 foram aplicados em 128 sujeitos sadios (idade media 35 ± 1). O teste de hidrogênio positivo foi indicativo de hipolactasia. A genotipagem foi feita pelo método "polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism". O índice Kappa foi utilizado para estabelecer a concordância entre os dois métodos. RESULTADOS: Setenta e seis indivíduos (59%) foram mau digestores da lactose (hipolactasia) e 52 outros (41%) foram digestores da lactose (persistência da lactase). As frequências dos genotipos CC, CT e TT foram 80%, 20% e 0%, respectivamente. A genotipagem mostrou 97% da sensibilidade e 46% da especificidade. O índice kappa: 0,473 indicou moderada concordância entre os dois métodos. CONCLUSÃO: A moderada concordância indica que a genotipagem do SNP C/T-13910 nao é aplicável para determinar hipolactasia tipo adulto/persistência da lactase na população estudada.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Lactose Intolerance/diagnosis , Lactose Intolerance/genetics , Lactose Tolerance Test/methods , Breath Tests/methods , Colombia/ethnology , Genotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Los métodos tradicionales para identificar Salmonella sp. se basan en el empleo de medios de cultivo que permiten la recuperación del microorganismo, el aislamiento en medios selectivos, la identificación bioquímica y caracterización serológica. Estos métodos son dispendiosos, tienen baja especificidad, baja sensibilidad y consumen mucho tiempo. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue estandarizar y optimizar la técnica de PCR para detectar Salmonella sp. en 12 horas, a partir de ADN de cultivos puros y en muestras de leche en polvo, inoculadas intencionalmente con 200, 20 y 2 UFC/mL. Para la extracción del ADN se estudió la conveniencia de fenol:cloroformo:alcohol isoamílico y Chelex® 100. La temperatura de hibridización y las concentraciones de cloruro de magnesio, empleando un diseño factorial incompleto 6x7, permitieron establecer un límite de detección de hasta 10 pg de ADN en cultivos puros de Salmonella typhi. La PCR se basó en la exclusividad de los oligonucleótidos 139-141, los cuales amplificaron una banda de 284 pb para la identificación de género. Los resultados muestran que: (I) la adición de Novobiacina (45 mg/L) o de verde brillante (10 mg/L) como inhibidores de flora acompañante, después de las primeras tres horas del pre-enriquecimiento no selectivo de 6 horas, no influye significativamente en la recuperación de las células bacterianas; (II) obtener biomasa de la primera dilución en base 10 y emplear la técnica de fenol:cloroformo:alcohol isoamílico para la obtención de ADN, se pueden detectar 2 UFC/mL de Salmonella sp. en leche en polvo y que el tiempo de detección se reduce considerablemente...
The traditional methods to identify Salmonella sp. are based on the culture medium use that allows the recovery of the micro organism, isolation in selective media, biochemical and serologic characterization. These methods are tedious, have a low specificity and sensitivity and they generally consume a long time. The main objective of this study was to standardize and to optimize the PCR technique to detect Salmonella sp. in 12 hours, from DNA of pure cultures and from powdered milk samples, intentionally inoculated with 200, 20 and 2 CFU/mL. For the extraction of DNA, two methods were used: phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol and chelex® 100. The optimization of the temperature of hibridización and the concentrations of Magnesium Chloride, using an incomplete factorial desing 6x7 allowed to establish a detection limit of up to 10 pg of DNA from pure cultures of Salmonella typhi. The PCR was based on the specificity of oligonucleotidos the 139-141, that amplified a band of 284 pb for the gender identification. The results show that: (I) the inhibitor addition of accompanying flora like Novobiocin (45 mg/L) or brilliant green (10 mg/L) as inhibitors of accompanying flora, after the first three hours in the nonselective pre-enrichment of 6 hours, does not significantly influence in the recovery of the bacterial cells, (II) when obtaining biomass of the first dilution in base 10 and using the phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol technique for the extraction of DNA; can be detected 2 CFU/mL Salmonella s.p. from powdered milk and that the PCR technique reduces the time of test considerably...
Subject(s)
Diagnosis , Process Optimization , Salmonella , Breast-Milk SubstitutesABSTRACT
Con el animo de conocer la incidencia de tolerancia a la lactosa y estudiar la posibilidad del empleo de la leche para tal fin, la administramos a un centenar de adultos sanos. Enciontramos que el 10% de ellos no presento senales de intolerancia y ademas mostri aumentos de la glicemia superiores a 20mg/dl. Estos resultados sugieren tolerancia ya que se reprodujeron al administrar glucosa libre a un grupo de referencia que, en cambio, si mostro sintomas de intolerancia cuando recibio lactosa. Se concluye que una dosis de leche, 400ml que contiene 50 g de lactosa, la medida de glicemia 45 minutos despues y el registro de las senales de intolerancia, son utiles para descubrir a los sujetos lactasa deficientes los cuales representan el 90% del grupo estudiado